Hegemony in the world-system and transition of the agrifood regime:

comparisons between the strategic insertions of the U.S. and China and their impacts on the soybean sector

Abstract

This article investigates the dynamics of hegemonic dispute between the United States and China and how they are reflected in the global agrifood regime, focusing on the soybean value chain. The aim is to understand how these two powers position themselves in the international arena, seeking to influence the structure of the contemporary agrifood system. Utilizing a literature review methodology, the study is grounded in world-systems theory and food regime models, drawing a parallel between the phase transitions of both approaches. The analysis explores the impact of corporate and state strategies on the configuration of soybean production and trade, considering how the centrality of the U.S. has been challenged by China's growing role, not only as an importer of the grain but also as an increasing player in high value-added sectors. The results indicate that while the U.S. employs companies from its sphere of influence and trade policies to consolidate a dominant position, China adopts a neomercantilist approach aimed at expanding its state-owned enterprises and securing its food supply. This dynamic reveals an agrifood regime in transition, characterized by multipolar competition and geopolitical influences that intersect with various branches of state action.